The impact of Kelvin probe force microscopy operation modes and environment on grain boundary band bending in perovskite and Cu(In,Ga)Se<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="d1e210" altimg="si5.svg"><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> solar cells

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

Conventional closed loop-Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has emerged as a powerful technique for probing electric and transport phenomena at the solid-gas interface. The extension of KPFM capabilities to probe electrostatic and electrochemical phenomena at the solid-liquid interface is of interest for a broad range of applications from energy storage to biological systems. However, the ope...

Kelvin probe force microscopy study on conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.

We conducted a comprehensive Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) study on a classical organic solar cell system consisting of MDMO-PPV/PCBM blends. The KPFM method yields the information of topography and local work function at the nanometer scale. Experiments were performed either in the dark or under cw laser illumination at 442 nm. We identified distinct differences in the energetics on the...

the u.s. policy in central asia and its impact on the colored revolutions in the region (the case study of tulip revolution in kyrgyzstan)

چکیده ندارد.

Practical aspects of Kelvin probe force microscopy

We discuss practical aspects of Kelvin probe force microscopy ~KFM! which are important to obtain stable images of the electric surface potential distribution at high spatial resolution ~,100 nm! and high potential sensitivity ~,1 mV! on conducting and nonconducting samples. We compare metal-coated and semiconducting tips with respect to their suitability for KFM. Components of the metal coatin...

The effect of sample resistivity on Kelvin probe force microscopy